Niagara

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Artist: Frederic Edwin Church (American, 1826–1900)
Medium: oil on canvas
Size: overall: 101.6 × 229.9 cm (40 × 90 1/2 in.); framed: 164.5 × 286.4 × 17.8 cm (64 3/4 × 112 3/4 × 7 in.)
Museum: National Gallery of Art
Rights: CC0 — no rights reserved

We hover over the bottle-green surface of a river as it rushes toward a horseshoe-shaped waterfall that curves away from us in this horizontal landscape painting. The water is white and frothy right in front of us, where the shelf of the riverbed changes levels near the edge of the falls. Across from us, the water is also white where it falls over the edge.

A thin, broken rainbow glints in the mist near the upper left corner of the painting and continues its arc farther down, between the falls. The horizon line is just over halfway up the composition. Plum-purple clouds sweep into the composition at the upper corners against a lavender-colored sky. Tiny trees and a few buildings line the shoreline to the left and right in the deep distance.